
William W. answered 12/15/19
Math and science made easy - learn from a retired engineer
If f(x) = x2, then in order to translate to the right or left, we need to group a number with the "x" because "x" is the right/left direction. However, "x" is Mr. Opposite, so you always group with the "x" the opposite of what you read. So reading "right by 3", you group with the "x" a "-3" (negative 3) so it would become (x - 3)2
In order to translate down by 3 units, we just add "-3" to the outside (add just what you read, a negative 3). So it becomes g(x) = (x - 3)2 - 3