Note that in a geometric sequence, a common ratio (or factor) is multiplied to get the next number.
Let the common ratio be r.
so the sequence is 13, 13r, 13r2
So 13r2 = 108. Now solve for r.
Divide both sides by 13.
r2 = 16
r= +/-4.
So the middle number is 13*4=52 or 13*-4 = -52.