How to make a chain of function decorators?

Question

How can I make two decorators in Python that would do the following? @makebold @makeitalic def say(): return "Hello"...which should return: "<i>Hello</i>"I'm not trying to make `HTML` this way in a real application - just trying to understand how decorators and decorator chaining works.

Answer 1

def makebold(func):

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs)

return f"<strong>{func(*args, **kwargs)}</strong>"

return wrapper

def makeitalic(func):

def wrapper(*args, **kwargs)

return f"<i>{func(*args, **kwargs)}</i>"

return wrapper

@makebold

@makeitalic

def say():

return "Hello"

====================================

Right now, executing say() would return "<strong><i>Hello</i></strong>"

Decorators are just functions that return a function.

@makeitalic

def say():

return "Hello"

is just syntax sugar for say = makeitalic(say)

When you stack decorators, they are executed in reverse order, so in my example, say finishes executing first, then makeitalic finishes executing second, then finally makebold, execute last.