Find current directory and file's directory?

Question

In Python, what commands can I use to find:1. the current directory (where I was in the terminal when I ran the Python script), and2. where the file I am executing is?

Answer 1

# if you are in jupyter lab/notebook

!ls

# otherwise

import subprocess

print(subprocess.Popen("ls", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.read())