In Python, a single underscore and a double underscore before an object name have specific meanings.
A single underscore before an object name is used to indicate that the object is intended for internal use only, and it should not be accessed from outside the class or module where it is defined. It's a convention used to signal to other developers that the object is considered "private" and shouldn't be used in client code. For example, a function named _helper_function() might be used to support the implementation of a public function, but it's not intended to be called directly by the client code.
On the other hand, a double underscore before an object name is used to define a name mangling scheme, which allows the attribute to be accessed via the _classname__attributename syntax. When you use a double underscore to prefix an attribute, Python automatically rewrites the attribute name to include the class name, which can help avoid naming conflicts in subclasses. This feature is mainly used to avoid naming collisions between attributes of base and subclass.
For example, if a class has an attribute named __foo, Python will automatically rename it to _ClassName__foo. This feature is mainly used to avoid naming conflicts between attributes of base and subclass. It is not used to indicate private attributes.
