I assume f(x) is the stopping distance and x is the speed? Then:
300 = (0.125)x2 + (2.3)x + (26.875)
0 = (0.125)x2 +(2.3)x - (273.125) [Subtracted 300 from both sides]
Use the quadratic formula to find x:
x = (-b/2a) ± (1/2a)√(b2-4ac)
Where a=(0.125), b=(2.3), and c=(-273.125). You will get two answers, one positive and one negative. The positive answer is the one you want.