Lyudmila is right: "домой" is an adverb of place, created from the noun "дом", the form is similar to Instr. case ending-like suffixes in "весной", "зимой".
Why is домой used as opposed to дом in the scentance "Я пойду домой"?
I have decided to begin to learn Russian and came across a sentence that translates as *I'm going home *. However the literal translation in Russian is *I'm going homeward*. This raises the question would *Я пойду дом* be grammatically incorrect as opposed to the sentence written in the question? If the sentence is grammatically incorrect why ? Does the verb *to go* modify the noun in some way?
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2 Answers By Expert Tutors

Lyudmila G. answered 03/22/19
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Russian Language and European Knitting for Beginners Tutor
домой is an adverb. It answers the question куда?.
дом is a noun. It answers the question что?.
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