Adding a negative number is the same as subtracting a positive number:
22 + (-45) = 22 - 45 = -23
Another way to think of it is to factor out a -1:
22 - 45 = -1*(45 - 22) = -1(23) = -23
A third way to think of it:
45 = 22 + 23, so
22 - 45 = 22 - (22+23) = (22-22)-23 = 0-23 = -23

William M.
05/06/14