This is a fantastic question. One way that this happens is how some texts that depict anything not constructed as "normative" were sometimes simply left untranslated. I think, for example, how large swaths of the Satyricon were often just left in Latin when the rest was translated into English.
Recent translator of the Odyssey, Emily Wilson, has done a few excellent responses to similar questions and I defer to both her expertise and eloquence. I recommend looking up some of her interviews. Although she's the first woman to translate the Odyssey into English, she's constantly asked the question of "how does gender influence her translation." She makes a point to say that this is an important question, but should also be posed to the all her predecessors too. How did gender influence their transitions? How did their masculinity, constructions of contemporary gender roles, and privileges influence the way they translated (or even added terms or concepts not present in the original text)? She keeps great Twitter threads on it, I'll link an example below.
