
David W. answered 09/11/15
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Articulation Agreements are formal arrangements between cooperating schools that they will definitely accept the listed courses as substituted their own courses. That allows a student to plan to transfer course credits, knowing that they will be accepted. It also makes the work of Admissions and Records people a lot easier.
If there is not an Articulation Agreement in effect, then someone at the college (usually the Department reads course descriptions in the other school's catalog) must determine whether to accept the course as a substitute or to require that the student take their college course. If, for example, you took Introductory Computer Programming at your old school (and learned Java) and your new school required Introductory Computer Programming (but didn't specifically say they use C++), either the student or the college should decide whether this is a good choice for the student. Sometimes, taking a similar course over is good (it's called "an easy A," but it takes time and costs money).