
Rita H. answered 04/28/20
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- DNA duplicates during the S phase of interphase, which is the middle of 3 stages. In G1, all cell contents except the DNA duplicates; in S phase, the DNA duplicates; and in G2 the cell checks its duplications for errors.
- The stages of mitosis are as follows:
- Prophase: chromosomes condense and become visible, and spindle fibers start to grow.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes are lined up in the center, and each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber from the cell's poles.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids split in two and chromosomes are pulled towards the poles by the spindle fibers. The cell begins to elongate.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense at opposite poles and are enveloped in a nuclear envelope. Additional spindle fibers continue to stretch the cell out.
- Cytokinesis: The cell pinches in the middle and separates into two daughter cells.
- The main difference between plant and animal cell mitosis has to do with the presence of a cell wall in plant cells. Because animal cells do not have a cell wall, they are able to expand and form a cleavage furrow during cell division. Plant cells are not able to expand during division and instead have to form a new cell wall down the middle of the parent cell during division. There are other minor details that differ between plant and animal cell mitosis but this is the main, most important distinction.
- If a cell goes through the process of Mitosis but is unable to go through cytokinesis and physically split, the end result is you will have a multi-nucleated cell. The cell will have two copies of its DNA in two separate nuclei, along with two sets of organelles. In some stem cells this is a normal process (for example, in multinucleated bone cells called osteoclasts) but it can also be a pathological process during tumor formation.